2). Sci. Z., Sohail, N., Hayes, R. L. & Brooks, C. L. Overcoming challenging substituent perturbations with multisite -dynamics: A case study targeting -secretase 1. {o"yQr8"2ioFq[V In summary, the death toll of COVID-19 in Brazil has been catastrophic. Sci. Sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent materials used in disposable diapers and feminine hygiene products have been challenging to recycle through either open- or closed-loop processes. Teikti paraik ia. Woolf, S. H., Chapman, D. A., Sabo, R. T., Weinberger, D. M. & Hill, L. Excess deaths from COVID-19 and other causes, MarchApril 2020. Fig. A new variant of concern (P.1, now called Gamma), which emerged in the city in November 2020, is estimated to be 1.42.2 times more transmissible than other lineages, and at least 17% of the P.1 infections in Manaus in 2021 were reinfections23,24. Estimates are presented by sex and state, and we measured and compared changes across states and in femalemale gaps in life expectancy. axL5Bv\cH L(8@#lP&djen$kqbn7GwU$Kn~` d!B"mheQ%$HL3\0(Jqv\s. 2b). Because in-hospital COVID-19 deaths represent 89% of all COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021, we use them to proxy for the agesex distributions of all COVID-19 deaths. 21). https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (2020). Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives. The global annual production of this class of materials is estimated to be over 2 million metric tons, with disposable diapers claiming 74% of the market13. Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R. & Law, K. L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. In both cases, the nonamers were solvated in a 3:1 butanol/water mixture to mimic the most challenging esterification conditions. Characterisation of the first 250,000 hospital admissions for COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective analysis of nationwide data. Vilseck, J. & Shamanin, V. V. Chain degradation under low-intensity sonication of polymer solutions in the presence of filler: Mechanism of ultrasonic degradation of flexible chain macromolecules. To probe whether the hydrophobic side chains also push the equilibrium towards esterification, atomistic simulations were used (Supplementary Information pgs S27S29)46,47. For example, high degrees of esterification were observed via 1H NMR spectroscopy when using only 5 equiv. J. Environ. <>/Metadata 190 0 R/ViewerPreferences 191 0 R>> After more than 195,000 lives were reported to have been lost in 2020 to COVID-19, no policy changes have appeared in 2021. To access more than one type of pressure-sensitive adhesive, we needed a method to shorten the linear polymers obtained after the decrosslinking step. Esterification of carboxylic acids with trialkyloxonium salts. VIGISAN. 29, 233246 (1990). Z. ANDS with Nectar and RDS have a vision in 2018-19 to create the Australian Research Data Cloud - "an integrated data-intensive infrastructure system, incorporating physical infrastructure, policies, data, software, tools and support for researchers." c, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in e0 and e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state. Innovation Place, CONNECTING are employees at P&G. :X"."o:XKw$0/vvDvXK The state gap remained roughly the same for both e0 and e65 (Fig. Jul 13, 2021 Nature Governance ID:LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Type of action: [object Object] Objective: To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversityby: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or 32, 290299 (2016). Nat Med 27, 16291635 (2021). Science 372, 821826 (2021). We quantified the effect of COVID-19 on reversing the progress in mortality reduction since 2000 (Methods). For 2021, as the base case scenario, we calculated the number of deaths that would occur in the absence of COVID-19 (\({\,}_n^ \ast D_x\)). GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. Marques, N. P. et al. 79, 22302244 (2001). For candidates working in person or remotely in the below locations, the salary* range for this specific position is $72,960 to $131,328. Sonication has previously been used to chain-shorten high-molar mass polymers with various backbone architectures31,32, including polyacrylic acid33, and has been used at scale34. Without a change in coordination of pandemic response, expansion of testing and a rapid increase in vaccination, Brazil will soon become a serious threat to national and global health security42. The new plastics economy: rethinking the future of plastics & catalyzing action. 1)24,25,26. Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. The LIFE programme is structured in two fields - Environment and Climate Action - and it contributes to these priorities through its four sub-programmes: Environment field: 1. Chem. The impact of COVID-19 on people with diabetes in Brazil. Correspondence to & Bowe, B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Posta Elettronica Certificata (PEC): protocollo.ispra@ispra.legalmail.it, Kick-off meeting of the projet LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST, https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/en/news/kick-off-meeting-of-the-projet-life-2021-sap-nat-nature-turtlenest, https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/en/news/kick-off-meeting-of-the-projet-life-2021-sap-nat-nature-turtlenest/@@download/image/carretta.png. The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. ]}JazX HuEYW0l n5!R?VF|-ww!OHq3G,a@n:X%~m=}WW[ll_oq Philos. The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analysis of supply and demand of hospital and ICU beds and mechanical ventilators under different scenarios. M.C.C. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais; RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Next, we estimated total 2021 deaths, including COVID-19 confirmed deaths (\({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\)), reported by Brasil.io. Peer review information Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. The results from both of these experiments demonstrate that the equilibrium lies far towards the esterification product. ACS Sustain. Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). 364, 19851998 (2009). quizlet cosmetology. J. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance - Standard Action Projects (SAP) I progetti relativi a questa call devono essere orientati verso la garanzia di conformit alla legislazione dell'UE in materia di natura e biodiversit e l'accesso alla giustizia mediante: Health 9, e782e792 (2021). Prot. M.S. Silveira, M. F. et al. Defined and directed strategic marketing and go-to-market plans. Nat Commun 12, 4524 (2021). States are colored according to major regions. When intense shocks like a pandemic or war occur, life expectancy drops, but it often rebounds quickly. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. & Brooks, C. L. Adaptive landscape flattening accelerates sampling of alchemical space in multisite dynamics. First, differences in these period life expectancies capture both direct and indirect mortality effects of COVID-19 in 2020. Mater. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. is supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. May 1998 - Jan 20012 years 9 months. To achieve the necessary cohesive and holding strength for a PSA, the polymer (after esterification) should have a Mw>400kg/mol25,36. It was here that Sam, my husband, turned to me and said, 'This could . Clean. 26, 565581 (2000). You can alreadyfind all information and documentation needed at theFunding & Tenders Portal, includingthe call text and application forms. When closed-loop processes are unavailable, an alternative, known as open-loop chemical recycling can be utilized. Specifically, using a 2 or 3 step synthetic process, the sodium polyacrylate is converted into a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), which has a significant global market (expected to be $13 billion by 2023) (https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pressure-sensitive-adhesives-market). Adoption is complex, emotional, life-altering. Second, we used deaths from all causes by age, sex, cause of death and state of residence provided by the Mortality Information System from the Ministry of Health for 2019 (n=1,345,543) and 2020 (n=1,541,556). Al-Aly, Z., Xie, Y. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. We performed all demographic analyses in Microsoft Excel version 16.44 and data cleaning and processing in Stata version 15.1 (Stata Corporation) and R version 4.0.0 (2020). To do this, we multiplied the age group-specific and sex-specific mortality rates from 2019 from each state by the corresponding projected population for March 2021. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). All environmental data were gathered from experiments, literature, or the ecoinvent database (version 3.5)51, and implemented in SimaPro v. 9.0.0.4850, as described in detail within the Supporting Information (Supplementary Information pgs S36S41). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity SMART OUTCOME-BASED projects based on Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound objectives for the implementation of EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation or Targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 2. Manag. Excitingly, a viable central region pressure-sensitive adhesive is accessible without any sonication. Chem. In just the first 4 months of 2021, Brazil surpassed the number of COVID-19 deaths during all of 2020. Environ. We estimate a decline in 2020 life expectancy at birth (e0) of 1.3 years, a mortality level not seen since 2014. Google Scholar. Soc. A much higher loss was estimated for e65: 29% for both sexes in Brazil (Supplementary Table 9). Article Similarly, given the higher risk of dying from COVID-19 at older ages5, the death toll can be measured by e65, defined as the average number of years that a 65-year-old person would be expected to live if subject to the underlying mortality rates for ages 65 and above in a specific year. As many countries speed up vaccination coverage and witness declines in cases and deaths, Brazil lags behind. Recording of LIFE Infoday session(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022) performed the computations mentored by P.M.Z. The initially heterogeneous reaction mixture becomes a homogeneous solution over time due to the chemical change from a superabsorbent gel-like substance into the soluble, linear polymer products. 4a). Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. Article J. Environ. Lancet 397, 220232 (2021). To circumvent these challenges, the water by-product can be selectively removed via azeotropic distillation, or a large excess of alcohol can be employed44,45. Cite this article. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Lancet Glob. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002 (2021). M.C.C., N.G., T.A. volume27,pages 16291635 (2021)Cite this article. Therefore, efforts to introduce synergy between superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery and PSA production may provide much-needed demand for diaper recycling end-products, which in-turn may improve environmental performance for both processes on a large scale. Google Scholar. To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. is supported by the National Institute on Aging (grant no. of 2-ethylhexanol and H2SO4 as a catalyst (Fig. Fundao Oswaldo Cruz. Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. e65 declined by a larger percentage for males than females in all states, reflecting mens higher risks of dying from COVID-19 (ref. Several environmental impact categories were examined, but particular attention was paid to the global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand (CED). 7 April 2022 - Full Proposal. Nuzzo, J. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. Glacial acrylic acid (GAA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA). Popul. Al-Jabari, M., Abu Ghyadah, R. & Alokely, R. Recovery of hydrogel from baby diaper wastes and its application for enhancing soil irrigation management. and M.T.R. The evergreen broadleaved shrubs were shorter in height (3.06 0.99 m) than palm-leaved life forms (19.29 5.39 m). Article J. Polym. Inqurito Nacional sobre Insegurana Alimentar no Contexto da Pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. In Amazonas, male e65 was estimated to decline by 20% from 2019 to 2020. Rede Genmica Fiocruz. Heuveline, P. & Tzen, M. Beyond deaths per capita: comparative COVID-19 mortality indicators. J. Phys. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Teikti paraik ia. 2 0 obj Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. The reduction in life expectancy at age 65 (e65) in 2020 was 0.9 years, setting Brazil back to 2012 levels. The Guardian. Ching, T. W. et al. Decrosslinking has been reported using ozonolysis16, though not for the purposes of mechanical recycling. b, Estimated change in e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. Self-wetting adhesive composition. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. However, in the presence of COVID-19, this assumption might not hold because deaths were unevenly distributed over the year. B Biol. We used several data sources to estimate the changes in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 by state and sex in Brazil. performed the life cycle assessments mentored by J.A. Syntheses of pressure-sensitive adhesives from petroleum feedstocks (industrial approach) compared to waste diaper-based feedstock (open-loop recycling). Li, Q. et al. Among the states, Amazonas, Rondnia, Roraima and Mato Grosso had the largest declines in e0 in both 2020 and 2021 (Fig. Lancet Respir. BMJ Open 11, e042934 (2021). For e65, the decline in 2021 was estimated at 1.05 years for both sexes (Fig. CAS Thus, we estimated total deaths in 2021, inclusive of COVID-19 deaths, as \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), where \({\,}_nD_x\) is the number of deaths estimated to occur in 2021 in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_nK_x\) is the population at risk in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_n^ \ast M_x\) are age-specific mortality rates in the absence of COVID-19 (assumed to be 2019 mortality rates); and \({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\) is the number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths. 1 0 obj Part B 52, 873896 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. a, Change (in years) in the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. b, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 and 2021 based on the DT19 method (Supplementary Tables 5 and 11). Inicio / Programas UE / LIFE2027 / LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV (LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV) - NATURE GOVERNANCE. Bauer, W., Jr. Acrylic acid and derivatives. We compared the gap in life expectancy between males and females in the period life tables constructed for 2019 and 2020 (Methods). IBGE. We estimated reductions in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19, for each state and sex, from the difference between the 2020 period life table and the DT20 estimates (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4), between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2020 (Supplementary Tables 5 and 6) and between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia (2020). Ichiura, H., Nakaoka, H. & Konishi, T. Recycling disposable diaper waste pulp after dehydrating the superabsorbent polymer through oxidation using ozone. 109, 57555798 (2009). and T.A. Article Nature and Biodiversity ). Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Science 372, 815821 (2021). ADS Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineage B.1.617.2 in Brazil: an outbreak in a ship and alert for spread. H2SO4 with heating (Fig. 1a, Supplementary Table 1 and Methods), with a larger drop for males (1.57 years) than females (0.95 years). We calculated the probability of surviving from age x to age x + n (npx), the probability of dying between age x and x + n (nqx) and the average person-years lived in the interval by those dying in the interval (nax): where * indicates that the measure is from the life table that does not contain COVID-19 as a cause of death. Assists in troubleshooting SAP transactions; provide support to operations and maintenance. Brasil, Grandes Regies e Unidades da Federao 2010. in Estudos e Pesquisas. Mechanically-induced chemical changes in polymeric materials. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT Nature & Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance 19 , 2021 sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. THIS GRANT IS CURRENTLY CLOSED. Creton, C. Pressure-sensitive adhesives: An introductory course. Child immunization was reduced, particularly among impoverished children in the North region29. Article The actual death toll is likely to be higher due to deficient surveillance, limited testing that prevented proper diagnosis, issues of compliance with protocols for reporting a suspected COVID-19 death and location of the death (for example, at home)1,2. Across states, the largest declines were estimated for Amazonas (3.14 years), Amap (2.46 years) and Par (2.44 years). Il 13 luglio stato aperto il primo invito a presentare proposte nell'ambito del nuovo programma LIFE 2021-202 7, che comprende quattro sottoprogrammi: natura e biodiversit, economia circolare e qualit della vita, This value suggests that the increase in polymer hydrophobicity provides a significant thermodynamic driving force towards further esterification, perhaps counteracting the buildup of water that was otherwise expected to limit conversion. At present, the environmental benefits of diaper recycling (including superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery) are dependent on the avoided material burdens52. To obtain Among the states, the largest setback was estimated for Amazonas and Par (levels of 2006 for both sexes, 2008 and 2010 for females and 2005 and 2002 for males). Given multiple AIG Prestige, AIG EVP Quest and Citi E-Thank You awards for exceeding process target and providing continued assistance to the team.<br><br>SKILLS <br> Experienced in Master Data . Most of their feedstocks come from nonrenewable resources3. SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. Article Chem. are supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. The corresponding VW for each adhesive is the rectangular region bounded by these four moduli. %jgm'"RerkS%K8%b-R*$U{[>m /m1Zf%R(tO*Z{| k,o2;6_s1R5]:4]"%DA& iAL (~E$5B=_"d)}5.zMQU3 d &=1,/'d@|u%jB]Lpl[&nVR&B%,Qq[ For both DT20 and DT19, after estimating the ratio of non-COVID-19 deaths to all-cause deaths, we then used this ratio to estimate the counterfactual life tables in which COVID-19 was eliminated and COVID-19 was included, respectively. Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). Polym. Locations: Colorado; Nevada, Jersey City, NJ; New York City, NY; Ithaca, NY and Westchester County, NY. We calculate three sets of estimates of life expectancy decline but argue that those based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020, which include all reported deaths in those 2 years, are the most defensible because they do not depend on accurate classification of cause of death, determination of whether the death was directly or indirectly due to COVID-19 or assumptions about independence among causes. Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). Article <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Li, J., Nagamani, C. & Moore, J. S. Polymer mechanochemistry: from destructive to productive. Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. To probe the role of both solvent and substrate hydrophobicity, we used two different substrates (acetic versus undecanoic acid) and solvents (ethanol versus 2-ethylhexanol). We demonstrate herein that our open-loop recycling approach to pressure-sensitive adhesives from superabsorbent polymers outcompetes the petroleum-derived syntheses on nearly every metric, including global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. We found a 15.3% and 15.1% decrease in GWP when replacing the industrial route with either the 1min or 2min sonication scenario, respectively, and an impressive 21.5% decrease when sonication was avoided altogether. Therefore, our estimates would not be seriously affected by missing deaths unless a different pattern of errors emerges in 2020. Collias, D. I. et al. JRSvk] Sci. Unfortunately, most used diapers sit in landfills without substantial biodegradation, or are incinerated. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Public Health 17, 4322 (2020). To interrogate this hypothesis, we measured the percent esterification under different conditions. Formal training in customer service with. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Chem. March 2, 2023 - 6:00AM. The Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme will aim at the protection and restoration of Europe's nature and halting and reversing biodiversity loss. NTO s.15: Managers have full power to dispose of or deal with the land as . Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. Chazovachii, P.T., Somers, M.J., Robo, M.T. In contrast, few studies have examined recycling of the sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent polymers. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) Lancet Glob. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). Plots of storage (G) versus loss (G) moduli for poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) (a), including visualization of Changs viscoelastic window, and of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for each route (b).
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