Study Torah and Tanakh, and you will see Jesus. Before I began my studies, I would hear about Talmud and Tanakh, and could never remember which was the Bible and which was that other Jewish book.. The Talmud is first and foremost a legal compilation. Torahs were written texts with commentaries and oral versions, as well as written texts. Adjunct Professor of Judaic Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson. Tanakh, an acronym derived from the names of the three divisions of the Hebrew Bible: Torah (Instruction, or Law, also called the Pentateuch), Neviim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings). Hinduism and Buddhism, law & ethics practice exam (CMTBC Course). The Talmud is both oral and written. How is the Jewish Bible or Tanakh different from the Bible? It is a depiction of the primary codification of the Jewish decrees. The name itself is an abbreviation for three words: Torah (the Pentateuch), Nevi'im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings). 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays The word Tanakh is an acronym from the Hebrew letters of the three main sections: Torah, Nevi'im (or Navi), and Ketuvim. This means that most Jews have never read Daniel 9:25-26, Isaiah 53 or Psalm 22. The strong involvement with hermeneutic exegesisinterpretation according to systematic rules or principleshelped develop the analytic skill and inductive reasoning of the rabbis but inhibited the growth of independent abstract thinking. Hillel Professor Emeritus of Jewish Literature and Thought, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. What Does The Bible Say About Homosexuality? 15 Scriptures To Help With Hopelessness The Habakkuk, a Babylonian text, is found in the Tanakh, but it is not found in the Old Testament. 15 Scriptures To Help With Hopelessness N: Nevi'im, the books of the prophets. But the LORD chose to crush him, that, if he made himself an offering for guilt, He might see offspring and have long life. Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? 2015 Rabbi Asher Solomons Song of Songs has been selected, translated, and annotated by Seth Brody. What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? On the other hand, since the Renaissance there has been a positive response and great interest in rabbinic literature by eminent non-Jewish scholars, writers, and thinkers in the West. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? For present-day scholarship, however, Talmud in the precise sense refers only to the materials customarily called Gemaraan Aramaic term prevalent in medieval rabbinic literature that was used by the church censor to replace the term Talmud within the Talmudic discourse in the Basel edition of the Talmud, published 157881. The subject matter of the oral Torah is classified according to its content into Halakha and Haggada and according to its literary form into Midrash and Mishna. These collections are of oral laws based on the Torah, or Pentateuch, the first five books of the Old Testament or Tanakh, and of commentary on and additional material relating to those oral laws. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays He forgives all your sins, heals all your diseases. The Tanakh is the Jewish Bible. We all went astray like sheep, each going his own way; and the LORD visited upon him the guilt of all of us. Talmud and Mishna. What Does The Bible Say About Trusting God? The Talmud, which is Judaisms oral law, allows Jews to interpret the written laws of the Ten Commandments. Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; The body of Jewish scripture comprising the Torah, the Neviim (prophets) and the Ketuvim (writings), corresponding roughly to the Christian Old Testament. The word Chumash refers to other forms of Torah, such as printed in book form with commentaries from rabbis (Jewish teachers). For example, the fourth of the Ten . 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love The regulations speak to prayer life, mitzvot or Jewish obligations, and rules about holidays. In Jewish culture, it is said that to understand one scripture, the other one must be read as well. Anyone interested in Judaism will benefit from the Torah and the Talmud because they provide a solid foundation for ethical and moral behavior. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? Torah can also refer to Jewish law as a whole, including the Neviim and Ketuvim, as well as rabbinic commentaries that have appeared on these texts. Signup today and receive encouragement, updates, help, and more straight in your inbox. What is the difference between Torah and Tanakh? Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? However, the events of the first few chapters of Genesis predated Moses by thousands of years. What Does The Bible Say About Forgiveness? The Gemara is a collection of commentaries on and elaborations of the Mishna, which in the Talmud is reproduced in juxtaposition to the Gemara. 25 Verses To Help Identify Fake Friends Thereafter, modernized Jews usually rejected the Talmud as a medieval anachronism, denouncing it as legalistic, casuistic, devitalized, and unspiritual. plural: mishnayot, mishnayos. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? What Does The Bible Say About Fear? Oral Torah or oral tradition refers to all Jewish teaching including later writings by Jewish rabbis (teachers), as well as Jewish culture and worship practices. Notes the difference between TaNaKh, Torah, Targum & Talmud. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? The difference between Talmud and Torah is that Talmud is an anthology of the oral Torah whereas the Torah usually refers to the written Torah that was passed on from generation to generation. All the books of Tanakh are revered by Jews as holy and divine works; however, the Torah (Five Books of Moses) holds precedence. One may regard the role of Talmud and Midrash--early rabbinic interpretation of scripture--as providing the interpretative perspective for a proper understanding of the Bible. We can not say that every instance of that name belongs to Jesus. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays The Talmud is both oral and written. The Tanakh has three parts. 15 Scriptures To Help With Hopelessness The Talmud (Hebrew for "study") is one of the central works of the Jewish people. In time it developed into a sophisticated interpretive system that reconciled apparent biblical contradictions, established the scriptural basis of new laws, and enriched biblical content with new meaning. Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? What is the difference between the Tanakh and Talmud? Is this another version of the Torah just like we have different versions of the Bible? That is true of Christians too! The Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament are essentially the same book. Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? The Talmud explains everything most Jews believe they need to know. What Does The Bible Say About Homosexuality? And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; they shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise their heel. (Genesis 3:15), What I see for them is not yet. What Does The Bible Say About Haters? What Does The Bible Say About Trusting God? The Twelve were all formerly written on a single scroll and thus reckoned as one book. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love The Torah represents the entirety of Jewish tradition and law and represents the . Jesus is the Passover Lamb, bringing salvation from sin and death and hell, once and for all. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love Though the terms "Bible" and "Old Testament" are commonly used by non-Jews to describe Judaism's scriptures, the appropriate term is "Tanach," which is derived as an acronym from the Hebrew letters of its three components: Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim. On numerous occasions the Talmud was publicly burned, and permanent Talmudic censorship was established. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love Jesus is the I Am that Abraham rejoiced in. The Jewish Publication Society of America (1917, abbreviated as jps) is the default Bible translation at the Armstrong Institute of Biblical Archaeology. The Hebrew term Talmud (study or learning) commonly refers to a compilation of ancient teachings regarded as sacred and normative by Jews from the time it was compiled until modern times and still so regarded by traditional religious Jews. The Talmud (/ t l m d,-m d, t l-/; Hebrew: , romanized: Talm) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law and Jewish theology. Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? Halakha (law) deals with the legal, ritual, and doctrinal parts of Scripture, showing how the laws of the written Torah should be applied in life. It is the record of rabbinic teachings that spans a period of about six hundred years, beginning in the first century C.E. The Talmud is split into two parts. At the core of the Hebrew scriptures is the Torah, also known as the Pentateuch and it is the foundational . What Does The Bible Say About Fear? a paragraph in that work. The Karaite sect in Babylonia, beginning in the 8th century, refuted the oral tradition and denounced the Talmud as a rabbinic fabrication. Following his translations of the Bible in the twentieth century, Everett Fox expanded on his essays. Moses was given the Torah directly from God at Mount Sinai and in the Tabernacle. This. The Tanakh contains two books in its language, the Megillah and the Habakkuk, rather than one book in the Old Testament. What Does The Bible Say About Forgiveness? 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays And that through him the LORDs purpose might prosper. Reprinted with permission from Back to the Sources: Reading the Classic Jewish Texts, published by Simon & Schuster.. Jews have studied the Talmud for a great variety of reasons. The term Old Testament is a Christian term which refers to the sacred books written before Jesus Christ. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? What Does The Bible Say About Haters? Shortly after Jesus death and resurrection, when the Jews asked Peter (a disciple of Jesus), Brothers, what are we to do? Peter said to them, Repent, and each of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins; and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love * 2007 , Karen Armstrong, The Bible: The Biography , Atlantic 2008, p. 82: Midrash was not a purely intellectual pursuit and study was never an end in itself: it had to inspire practical action in the world. Talmud is a compilation of literature covering the entirety of Jewish law and tradition that was . several centuries of the common era and codified in the Talmud, which is constituted by the Mishnah and the Gemara, is authoritative for the observant Jew. There is no chronological order in which the Tanakh is organized in the Old Testament. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? What Does The Bible Say About Haters? Bless the LORD, O my soul and do not forget all His bounties. Both texts are critical to Jewish life in that they teach us how to live ethically and morally, as well as to connect with God. doctrine, from the Hebrew word to learn) is a large collection of writings, containing a full account of the civil and religious laws of the Jews. Jesus is who encouraged Moses in the Burning Bush and who brought the Jews out of Egypt. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love The LORD is our God, the LORD alone. These books are precious and invaluable to both Jews and Christians, forming the Jewish canon of Scripture and over half of the Christian canon of Scripture. The Shema is found in the Old Testament, but not in the Tanakh. There are two Talmuds: The Babylonian Talmud (the most widely used) and the Jerusalem Talmud. The Metzudat David commentary on Prophets and Writings explains verses in clear and simple language, as Radak had originally suggested. There are two types of Tenakh: the Law (Torah) and the Prophets. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays Torah and Tanakh are the scriptures of the Jewish faith. What Does The Bible Say About Haters? What Does The Bible Say About Fear? The people that walked in darkness Have seen a brilliant light; On those who dwelt in a land of gloom Light has dawned. What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? The Tanakh or Mikra ("what is read") is the Hebrew Bible - a collection of 24 books of Hebrew scriptures, mostly written in Biblical Hebrew. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love So that Jews would know what to do in any given situation, 39 books, 3 sections, an ending with the hope to restore the Temple of Jerusalem. They teach us much about the character of God and His relationship with mankind, as well as many lessons about perseverance, love for God and others, bravery when facing seemingly impossible odds, forgiveness, and much more! 1 and 2 Chronicles are combined into Chronicles. According to 1 Kings 6:1, Solomon laid the temple foundations 480 years after the exodus, so that places the exodus around 1446 BC. Why Don't Christians Expose Evil Anymore? The Old Testament, as found in the Bible, is organized according to its location. The remainder of the Jewish Bible or Tanakh -- which roughly corresponds with what the Christians call the Old Testament -- signify works of religious value that had some Divine help. The Ketuvim consist of religious poetry and wisdom literaturePsalms, Proverbs, and Job, a collection known as the Five Megillot (scrolls; i.e., Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Esther, which have been grouped together according to the annual cycle of their public reading in the synagogue)and the books of Daniel, Ezra and Nehemiah, and Chronicles. Tanakh, including Torah, contains the same books as the Old Testament in the Bible. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? . What Does The Bible Say About Forgiveness? This differs from the Tanakh, which includes the other books that comprise, Just as the soul fills the body, so God fills the world. The Torah (the first five books of the Tanakh), Neviim (the second five books), and Ketuvim (the third five books) are the Pentateuchs four major sections. It contains the opinions of ancient rabbis. Some people claim that the Talmud mentions Jesus. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays So they serve different purposes. What is the difference between Torah and Talmud? The oral discussions were preserved, either by memorization or notation, and later edited together in a manner that places generations of sages in . For example, the Ten Commandments, which serve as the Torahs first and most important commandments, are concerned with treating others ethically and fairly. . The Jubilee Effect 2023. The word Tanakh is an acronym of the initials of its three subdivisions, while Mikra is Hebrew for "reading." Each subdivision of the Tanakh consists of several books. Many verse numbers in the Bible are one number higher than in other translations. The JPS Bible Translation is a translation of the Bible into modern English that was published by the Jewish Publication Society. That's the magic of Logos. Contents Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The second rested largely upon textual scrutiny, assuming that words and letters that seem superfluous teach something not openly stated in the text. The differences in the manner in which Reform and Orthodox Jews practice their tradition is grounded in their view of the Hebrew Scripture (Bible) and the status of other sacred texts, such as the Mishnah and Talmud. Here is the order of the books within the Torah, The Writings, and the The Prophets. It h as two parts, the Mishnah and that Gemara. They are arranged into different groups and into a different order from their order in the Bible. Tanakh was written over many centuries, stretching from 1446 BC or earlier to 400 BC. He redeems your life from the Pit, surrounds you with steadfast love and mercy. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? Tanakh is actually an acronym: The Talmud (i.e. Torah is often referred to as the Books of Moses, meaning Moses wrote all five books. How do the Torah, Mishnah, and Talmud keep the Jews together for nearly 1900 years? What Does The Bible Say About Homosexuality? Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? This text-centred approach profoundly affected the thinking and literary style of the rabbis. Common sense suggests that some sort of oral tradition was always needed to accompany the Written Law, because the Torah alone, even with its 613 commandments, is an insufficient guide to Jewish life. Through the lens of legal theory, Tzafnat Paneach examines the legal implications of the Rogatchover Gaon in the twentieth century. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? The jps are based on passage divisions found in the Hebrew Masoretic text, and they are based on traditional Hebrew numbering. What Does The Bible Say About Forgiveness? On the other hand, Tanakh refers to the whole 24 books which include a collection of religious writings in ancient times by the Israelites. Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki; 1040-1105) said that Moses presented the Israelites with the book of Genesis before he climbed the mountain and received the ten commandments. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love God gave Noah detailed instructions in Genesis 6:14-20. While the Talmud is the foundational learning text, the Torah is the teaching text. How do the rabbis interpret prophecies about Jesus? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. What Does The Bible Say About Haters? Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? Obadiahs prediction in 21 verses about the fall of the Edom Kingdom is the shortest prediction. The Tanakh or Mikra (what is read) is the Hebrew Bible a collection of 24 books of Hebrew scriptures, mostly written in Biblical Hebrew. He satisfies you with good things in the prime of life, so that your youth is renewed like the eagles. (Psalm 103:2-5), Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and do not rely on your own understanding. All 3 must work in amalgamation rather than standalone as together, demonstrate the crucial principle beliefs of Judaism. The Pentateuch, Torah, Neviim, and Ketuvim are the first five books of the Tanakh, respectively, while the Torah, Neviim, and Ketuvim are the second five books. In the Jewish community, the classical approach is religious study of the Bible, where it is assumed that the Bible is divinely inspired. Many of these can be labeled practical. You can think of it as "case law." The Talmud, which is Judaism's oral law, allows Jews to interpret the written laws of the Ten Commandments. Answering this question requires an understanding of the human author(s) of the Torah. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays The Talmud is considered the oral traditions that coincide with the Torah. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love What Does The Bible Say About Haters? 4.The Torah is the entirety of Jewish laws and traditions. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love Talmud and Midrash, commentative and interpretative writings that hold a place in the Jewish religious tradition second only to the Bible (Old Testament). Job is believed to have lived around the time of the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph), so the book may have been written in the 1800s BC or earlier. According to Rabbi Judah the Prince, the Jewish decrees are the primary codification . 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love It also refers to the oral component of Torah that is in the written form called as Talmud. Canon of Scripture. The Neviim comprise eight books subdivided into the Former Prophets, containing the four historical works Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings; and the Latter Prophets, the oracular discourses of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve (Minor) ProphetsHosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, What Does The Bible Say About Haters? Despite the fact that the Tenakh is the primary text of Judaism, some Jews struggle to grasp how to follow the laws contained within it. 25 Verses To Help Identify Fake Friends Rabbi Amy Scheinerman. The first five books of this comprise the Torah (or Pentateuch), the core sacred writings of the ancient Jews, traditionally written by Moses under divine inspiration. The Talmud Is the Link Between Scripture and Jewish Practice The Hebrew Scripture (also known as Torah) is the bedrock of Jewish practice and beliefs.But the verses are often terse, containing layers of hidden meaning. There is no such thing as an English Tanakh. Moses recorded their starting places according to their journeys by the command of the LORD (Numbers 33:2). What Does The Bible Say About God's Love? What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? For he was cut off from the land of the living Through the sin of my people, who deserved the punishment. Signup today and receive encouragement, updates, help, and more straight in your inbox. 15 Scriptures To Help With Hopelessness In reading your answer to the question about why Jews do not believe in Jesus you mention that the Jews, read the Tanakh. In contrast to the Old Testament, which contains both the Shema and the Amidah, the Tanakh contains both the Shema and the Amidah. What Does The Bible Say About God's Love? There were other commentaries added called Gemara. This article shares the differences between "The Torah" and "The Talmud." The primary difference is that Torah is a written version, while . The Tanakh is the Hebrew Bible, which has never been translated into English. What is the difference between the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud? What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? The Talmud contains the Oral Torah of the Jewish people. Midrash was initially a philological method of interpreting the literal meaning of biblical texts. Rabbi Moses ben Maimon (AD 1135-1204) wrote in the Maomonides 13 Principles of Faith, I believe with perfect faith that the entire Torah that is now in our possession is the same that was given to Moses our teacher, peace be upon him. Today, most Orthodox Jews believe Moses wrote the entire Torah, including Genesis, and many Christians agree. Verse Of The Day Do Not Judge Matthew 7:1. Talmud noun. Instead, the Bible states: "Jehovah went on to say to Moses: 'You are to write down these words.'" (Exodus 34:27) The oral law, later written down and known as the Mishnah and finally . 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? Aside from timeless messages, the Talmud is also full of colorful illustrations. The Talmud contains the history of the Jewish religion, as well as their laws and beliefs. Mishna noun. To study the material carefully and slowly, it is critical to have an open mind. Corrections? What Does The Bible Say About Trusting God? The Talmud, a record of rabbinic debates in the second and fifth centuries on the teachings of the Torah, examines how the Torah is applied and seeks to understand what the teachings actually mean. 100+ Inspirational Bible Verses About Love Torah is the Hebrew word for instruction. Another word for this group of books is the Pentateuch. These are two of the most important words in all of Jewish history. Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? Why do most Jews not believe Christ is the promised Messiah. Although the books of the Tenakh differ from one another in the Christian Bible, they are all present in the Old Testament. What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? What they believe is what has been taught to them by their rabbis, just like many Christians. Why Don't Christians Expose Evil Anymore? Even original ideas were expressed in the form of textual interpretations. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays Rabbi Yitzchak ben Mordechai Geryan is the author of the second commentary on Ibn Ezras book of Esther. Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? What was left for the Jews after 2nd R-J War? What Does The Bible Say About Forgiveness? The Definitive Guide To Ironing A Tallit With Care, Exploring The Significance And Symbolism Of Tallit Tassels: Step-by-Step Instructions For Making Your Own, Celebrate Shavuot 2015: Tips For Bringing Together Families And Friends And Deepening Your Understanding Of Judaism, The Torah Trope: An Ancient System Of Musical Notation, Exploring The Meaning Of Bathing On Shavuot, Celebrating Shavuot: Reflecting On The Torah And The Joy Of Renewal, Why Its Important To Wear A Tallit During The Passover Seder: A Guide To Respect And Reverence, Exploring The Possibility Of King Davids Birth On Shavuot: Examining The Evidence, Exploring The Meaning Of Shavuot For The Gentile, Exploring The Similarities And Differences Between A Talis And A Tallit. It consists of two parts, the Mishna and Gemara. Tanakh is actually an acronym: T = Torah (Law) N = Nevi'im (Prophets) K = Ketuvim (Writings) Talmud The Talmud (i.e. However, the order is different, and some books are combined into one book, so Tanakh has 24 books instead of the 39 books in the Old Testament. The word Tanakh is an acronym, combining the words Torah (Books of Moses), Nebiim (The Prophets) and Ketubim (The Writings). The Torah contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, What Does The Bible Say About God's Love? 15 Scriptures To Help With Hopelessness 100 Inspirational Bible Verses About Thankfulness To God, What Does The Bible Say About Fear? Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays What Does The Bible Say About Trusting God? As eagles grow new plumes: they shall run and not grow weary, they shall march and not grow faint. (Isaiah 41:31), Hear, O Israel! It is split into two parts: The Mishnah was compiled by Rabbi Judah Ha'Nasi, who wrote down the oral law. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. BT Niddah 24b discusses her in relation to abnormal fetuses and uncleanness, saying: "If an abortion had the likeness of Lilith its mother is unclean by reason of the birth, for . What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). While the Torah is more about wars and kings, the Talmud is domestic. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays What Does The Bible Say About Mental Health? The Neviim (prophets) begins with the book of Joshua (so as early as 1406 BC) and goes through to the latter prophets (ending around 400 BC). Perhaps even Noah knew how to write. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays Did Moses get the information directly from God or from other sources? Tanakh is the Jewish word for the Hebrew Scriptures, often known as the Old Testament by Christians. What Does The Bible Say About Fake Christians? A Jewish friend has stated that many Jews have never read the entire Tanakh. Is Smoking Marijuana Sinful? Sometimes, the term Written Torah is used to refer the 24 books of the Tanakh. 50 Good Bible Verses For Birthdays The Tenakh, which is regarded as Judaisms most important law, is important. Torah is read from beginning to end, during Sabbath service, in this amount of time, First five books, the law, instructions on how God wants us to live, Read from beginning to end in a religious year, Ultimately, all writings in Judaism come down to ____. While there are other Jewish scholars who say that He is mentioned in very blasphemous manners in a couple of verses. Medieval Jewish mystics declared the Talmud a mere shell covering the concealed meaning of the written Torah, and heretical messianic sects in the 17th and 18th centuries totally rejected it.
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